Clear communication and stakeholder management (explaining trade-offs in plain language)
System design thinking (breaking complex problems into reliable components)
Project planning and risk management (spotting dependencies and pitfalls early)
One major cloud platform depth (AWS, Azure, or Google Cloud)
Cloud security fundamentals (identity and access, encryption, network controls)
Cloud networking basics (virtual networks, routing, load balancing, DNS)
Containers and orchestration (Docker and Kubernetes concepts)
Modern application design (APIs, event-driven design, microservices where appropriate)
Infrastructure as Code (Terraform or cloud-native equivalents)
Operational readiness (monitoring, logging, incident response, reliability targets)
Cost awareness (designing for efficient spend and forecasting)
Data basics (databases, caching, data pipelines—enough to design sound integrations)