Clear writing and editing (briefs, memos, executive summaries)
Research methods (finding credible sources, synthesizing evidence, citing accurately)
Data literacy (reading datasets, basic statistics, interpreting charts and uncertainty)
Policy analysis frameworks (defining the problem, options, trade-offs, and implementation risks)
Stakeholder management (interviews, listening, balancing competing needs)
Presentation and briefing skills (explaining complex topics to non-experts)
Project management (scoping, timelines, coordination, working under deadlines)
Subject-matter knowledge in a policy area (e.g., health, education, environment, defense, tech)