Clear communication and customer mindset (treat internal teams as users, gather feedback, write strong docs)
System design thinking (designing reliable, scalable shared services and setting sensible defaults)
Programming/scripting (commonly Go, Python, or TypeScript; building CLIs, APIs, automations)
Cloud fundamentals (AWS/Azure/GCP networking basics, compute, storage, IAM/identity)
Containers and orchestration (Docker and Kubernetes concepts; deploying and operating services)
CI/CD and release engineering (pipelines, artifact management, versioning, rollbacks)
Infrastructure as Code (e.g., Terraform; reproducible environments and changes)
Observability (metrics, logs, traces; alert quality; incident learnings)
Security-by-default (secrets management, least privilege access, supply-chain checks)
Reliability practices (SLOs, capacity planning, on-call hygiene, resilience testing)