Certified Public Accountant (CPA)

Career Guide
Certified Public Accountants provide auditing, tax, and financial reporting services. They examine financial records, prepare and review returns and statements, ensure compliance with laws and standards, and advise clients on accounting policies, tax strategy, and internal controls.

Key Responsibilities

  • Prepare and review GAAP financial statements and disclosures
  • Plan and execute audits per GAAS; test controls and substantive balances
  • Prepare and review federal and state tax returns (individual, corporate, partnership)
  • Research accounting and tax issues; draft technical memos and client recommendations
  • Maintain audit/tax workpapers and supporting documentation
  • Advise on internal controls, accounting policies, and process improvements
  • Respond to IRS/state notices and support examinations

Career Progression

Can Lead To
Audit Manager
Tax Manager
Controller
Partner (Public Accounting)
Transition Opportunities
Internal Auditor
Financial Analyst (FP&A)
Compliance Manager
Management Consultant (Finance/Accounting)

Common Skill Gaps

Often Missing Skills
GAAP financial reporting and disclosureAudit procedures and evidence documentationFederal and state tax law and return preparationAdvanced Excel and data analysis
Development SuggestionsTake targeted courses in GAAP, auditing, and taxation; build sample workpapers/returns and volunteer with VITA for hands-on practice.

Salary & Demand

Median Salary Range
Entry Level$60,000-$78,000
Mid Level$85,000-$115,000
Senior Level$120,000-$170,000
Growth Trend
growing — Persistent CPA shortages; compliance and audit needs drive hiring

Companies Hiring

Major Employers
DeloittePwCKPMG
Industry Sectors
Professional Services (Public Accounting)Financial ServicesGovernment & Public Sector

Recommended Next Steps

1
Confirm 150-hour eligibility, apply for the CPA Exam, and use a reputable review course (e.g., Becker, Surgent, Roger).
2
Secure an internship or busy-season role at a public accounting firm to earn supervised experience hours.
3
Obtain an IRS PTIN and volunteer with the VITA program; join your state CPA society to network and find mentorship.